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To deduce multibed cycles for a continuous cycle operation from the optimal two-bed solutions, a coordination of step times will be required which will depend upon whether we need a continuous N2 removal, or a continuous product CO2 collection or a continuous feed to the system. In any case, continuous flow can be maintained either through feed or product buffer tanks, or by adding parallel beds and ensuring that step times are integral multiples of each other to avoid overly complicated cycles. 4.6 Conclusions and Future Work A fairly extensive review of the previous work on post-combustion CO2 capture reveals that a systematic methodology is still required for the design of PSA cycles. To address this, we assess the applicability of the superstructure approach in this context. It is illustrated for three case studies of post-combustion CO2 capture. The first case study optimizes the standard 2-bed 4-step Skarstrom cycle, and shows that such conventional cycles, which focus on separating light product at a high purity, fail to produce heavy product at a high purity because of the absence of a heavy reflux step. To obtain high-purity separation, the superstructure is optimized in the second case study. A 2-bed 6-step VSA cycle is derived from the solution of the optimal control problem. With this configuration, we are able to recover about 80% of CO2 at a substantially high purity of 95%, and at a significantly high feed flux of 80 kgmol m−2 hr−1, but with a power consumption of 637 kWh/tonne CO2 captured. Thus, in the third case study, we focus on developing optimal configuration which yields high-purity separation with minimal power requirements. We construe a 2-bed 8-step VSA configuration from the optimal profiles, with which, at 90% purity and 85% recovery, CO2 is extracted with a substantially low power consumption of 465 kWh/tonne CO2 captured. Hence, with the proposed superstructure approach, we are able to design optimal configurations that make pressure swing adsorption a promising option for high purity CO2 capture from flue gas streams. A complete discretization approach is used to solve the optimal control problem as a large- scale nonlinear program, using the nonlinear optimization solver IPOPT. Verifications of the 4.6 Conclusions and Future Work Chapter 4. Superstructure Case Study: Post-combustion CO2 Capture 70PDF Image | Design and Operation of Pressure Swing Adsorption Processes
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