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obtain a CO2 product containing 99.8-99% CO2. Schell et al. [159] suggested a dual-reflux PSA process with a stripping and a rectifying section to obtain both light and heavy product at high purities. Xiao et al. [202] studied single-stage and dual-stage 2-bed 8-step VSA processes which could recover more than 90% of CO2, at 95% purity, from a feed mixture having 21.5% CO2 and 76.8% H2. Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. have developed the Gemini process to simultaneously produce H2 and CO2 at high purities and recoveries [164]. It consists of 6 adsorbers (A beds) to selectively adsorb CO2, which is then obtained by applying vacuum depressurization, and 3 adsorbers (B beds) to purify hydrogen. Both beds undergo two entirely different sequences of operating steps. However, one A bed and one B bed are connected in series during the adsorption step. Sircar [173] provides more detailed information about the process. It is clear that novel PSA cycle sequences are anticipated which not only recover H2 at a high purity, but simultaneously also produce a highly pure CO2 stream with a reasonably high recovery. In this chapter, we demonstrate the versatility of the superstructure approach by applying it to develop cycles for pre-combustion capture that produce both H2 and CO2 at high purity and recovery. 5.2 Case Setup Here the feed is considered to be a syngas mixture having 55% H2 and 45% CO2, arriving at a temperature of 310 K after a single shift conversion in an IGCC [134]. The feed mixture also consists of negligible amounts of CO, CH4, Ar and N2, besides H2 and CO2. However, hydrogen and carbon dioxide together constitute around 97-99% of the mixture [134]. Therefore, we consider a binary feed mixture for the case studies. We assume that the fuel gas enters at a pressure of 700 kPa, and a maximum velocity (vfeed) of 50 cm/sec. Since feed pressure is high, optional inlet compressor doesn’t exist in the superstructure for this case. Consequently, work done by inlet compressor is omitted from Equation (3.15a). Since the PSA model doesn’t require bed diameter to be specified, we specify superficial feed velocity for the model instead 5.2 Case Setup Chapter 5. Superstructure Case Study: Pre-combustion CO2 Capture 76PDF Image | Design and Operation of Pressure Swing Adsorption Processes
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