Energy Efficiency of Gas Separation Pressure Swing Adsorption

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Energy Efficiency of Gas Separation Pressure Swing Adsorption ( energy-efficiency-gas-separation-pressure-swing-adsorption )

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The irreversible expansion of gas through throttling valves is shown to account for the majority of the energy losses of the Four-Step cycle. Useful work (represented by the increase in availability of the product and exhaust) is found to be very small compared with the work required by the cycles. The true bed losses, inherent in the PSA process, are found to be similar in magnitude to the useful work, but much less than the energy lost by the throttling irreversibilities. The work required per mole of product to separate the gases decreases as the pressure ratio increases, and the second law efficiency increases with pressure ratio. For the cycle with no energy recovery, the second law efficiency varies widely with the selectivity ratio. A high selectivity ratio (implying a low separation factor) implies more work is required for the separation and the second law efficiency is lower. For the cycles with full recovery of the expansion energy, the work required and the second law efficiency are relatively independent of the selectivity ratio. The equilibrium based semi-analytical results are confirmed by the use of a numerical "Multiple-Cell" model. This model is also used to show that diffusion does not affect the second law efficiency of a cycle when energy recovery is present. iii

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