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1. Introduction 1.1 Overview Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) is a method of separating a mixture of gases into its various components. Cyclic pressure and flow variations, in the presence of a selectively adsorbent material, are used to concentrate one species or group of species at one end of an adsorbent filled vessel, while the other species or group of species is concentrated at the other end. An adsorbent is a material to which different gases are attracted with varying degrees. These materials generally take the form of very high surface area, porous pellets or beads. When a gas is brought into contact with an adsorbent, some of the molecules of gas are attracted to the surface of the adsorbent and held there by van der Waals and electrostatic forces. This is termed physical adsorption, and differs from chemical adsorption which involves electron transfer and much higher forces. Chemical adsorption may occur with a specific gas and a specific adsorbent, but is generally undesirable in PSA processes as the bonds are too strong to be easily broken. The amount of a particular gas that is physically adsorbed on an adsorbent generally increases as the partial pressure increases. The presence of other gases in a mixture also influences the amount of gas adsorbed, but for this thesis, the interspecies effects on adsorption will be ignored; only the effect of partial pressure will be considered. The amount adsorbed is also a function of temperature, and generally decreases with increasing temperature. This effect of increased adsorption at higher partial pressure is used in PSA processes to effect the separation of the mixture. This makes PSA an inherently energy 1PDF Image | Energy Efficiency of Gas Separation Pressure Swing Adsorption
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