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intensive process, as the mixture of gases must be pressurized and depressurized. Many methods of recovering some of the energy have been developed, and gas separation by PSA is competitive with cryogenic distillation at low to moderate product flow (Ruthven, 1994, p 7). Nevertheless, due to irreversibilities, the work required for PSA gas separation is still much greater than the thermodynamic limit (reversible work) for gas separation. These irreversibilities enter the system through many mechanisms: throttling, mass transfer and other frictional losses; inadvertent remixing of separated gases; mechanical friction; and irreversibilities associated with temperature and concentration gradients. Some of these irreversibilities can be removed, but others are intrinsic and perhaps essential to the separation process. Of these losses, the losses associated with throttling and the losses intrinsic to the cycle will be considered in this work. To the author's knowledge, the difference between these losses has not been previously quantified. As many PSA cycles contain the steps analyzed in this thesis, the results and methods can be extended to the analysis of other cycles. 2PDF Image | Energy Efficiency of Gas Separation Pressure Swing Adsorption
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