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separates the gases and increases the availabiUty of the light species, which implies that work has been done on the system. The shock wave propagates through the adsorbent bed until it reaches the end. If feed continues to enter the bed, some molecules of the heavy gas will enter the product piston; this is termed "breakthrough," and results in remixing of the separated gases. The formation of a concentration shock wave is counter-intuitive to what we know of gas flow through a packed bed; usually dispersion and diffusion at the boundary between two gases tend to mix the gases, thereby reducing the sharp distinction between them. However, the conservation equations for the equilibrium theory of adsorption predict that gas with high mole fraction moves faster through the bed than gas with low mole fraction. This result of this can be seen in Figure 2.10, which shows a concentration shock wave forming from an initially dispersed concentration wavefront. The part of the wave with high mole fraction moves to the right faster than the part with low mole fraction, until the shock wave develops. A t this point, all of the points on the wave move with the same velocity. In reality, dispersion and diffusion oppose the formation of a shock wave and tend to spread out the concentration front. Eventually, there is a balance and the concentration front propagates with a constant pattern. 29PDF Image | Energy Efficiency of Gas Separation Pressure Swing Adsorption
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