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2.4 Previous Studies of Energy Loss and PSA Performance There have been very few papers written about the subject of energy consumption of Pressure Swing Adsorption cycles. This may be due to the lack of understanding of the basic thermodynamics of gas separation. Another possible reason is that PSA has replaced separation processes that are even more energy intensive, so that predicting recovery and purity has been more important than predicting energy consumption. Sircar and Kratz (1988) studied the difference in energy consumption between producing medium purity oxygen (23% to 50% oxygen) directly with a PSA cycle, and producing the same purity oxygen by making very pure oxygen using PSA and mixing it with air. They found that making oxygen of medium purity directly with a PSA cycle was more energy efficient. A second source is Armond (1970), who studied some optimal configurations for air separation in industry. Armond notes that one can minimize the power needed to compress the feed or product by carefully choosing the correct pump and trying to limit pressure drops through pipes. He also notes that when the lower pressure of the cycle is a vacuum, increasing the particle size (up to a certain point) and decreasing the length to diameter ratio of the adsorbent bed decreases the power consumption of the cycle. The remaining source of literature is Banerjee et al., who have published two papers involving the exergetic analyses of equilibrium separations (Banerjee et al., 1990), and kinetic separations (Banerjee et al., 1992). In the 1990 paper, Banerjee takes the results of the binary linear isotherm (BLI) model developed by Knaebel and Hill in 1985, and completes an overall exergy analysis of the Four-Step cycle utilizing pressurization with product. This paper looks only at the overall steady state flows of the cycle, and 33PDF Image | Energy Efficiency of Gas Separation Pressure Swing Adsorption
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