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3.2 Four-Step Cycle 3.2.1 Introduction A pressure swing adsorption "cycle" consists of all the steps required to feed the mixed gas, generate the product, expel the exhaust gas, and return the system to its initial state. The number of steps in a cycle is somewhat independent of the number of beds, and Figure 3.1 shows a diagram of two beds operating on the Four-Step cycle, along with the pressure history of each bed. This version of the Four-Step cycle uses pure product to pressurize the adsorbent bed. From the pressure histories, it is apparent that the beds are operating on the same cycle, with a 180° phase shift. The steps are listed as follows: 1. The feed step occurs at a high constant pressure, and during this step separation of the gas mixture takes place. The feed is pushed into the first bed until the shock wave reaches the end of the bed. Some of the pure product from this step is delivered as product, while the rest of it is used to purge the second bed, which is at low pressure, and then repressurize the second bed from PL to PH. 2. Blowdown, during which the pressure in the bed decreases from PH to PL and gas enriched in the heavier component is exhausted from the bed. This partially regenerates the adsorbent bed and prepares it for the low pressure purge step. 39PDF Image | Energy Efficiency of Gas Separation Pressure Swing Adsorption
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