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limiting nanopore volume per mass of sorbent, cm3 kg−1 mole fraction of species i, - 43 V0 44 yi 45 z 46 Greek 47 εb bed porosity, - 48 λ axial thermal conductivity, W m−1 K−1 axial coordinate, m 49 ω 50 ρ 51 ρp 52 Abbreviations 53 CAPEX capital expenditure 54 HTC hydrotalcite 55 IGCC integrated gasification combined cycle 56 K-HTC potassium-promoted hydrotalcite 57 OPEX operational expenditure 58 PSA pressure swing adsorption mass fraction, - gas density, kg m−3 particle density, kg m−3 59 S/Crinse 60 S/Cpurge 61 SEWGS 62 WGS water-gas shift rinse steam to carbon feed ratio, mol mol−1 purge steam to carbon feed ratio, mol mol−1 sorption-enhanced water-gas shift 63 1. Introduction 64 Against a backdrop of rising atmospheric CO2 concentration, an intensified 65 greenhouse gas effect, and accelerating climate change, political bodies on many 66 levels have expressed commitment to curb CO2 emissions. In line with these am- 67 bitions, deployment of renewable energy is increasing rapidly, energy efficiency is 68 being improved, and in parts of the world gas is replacing coal in power genera- 69 tion. Nevertheless, in a striking contrast energy related CO2 emissions continue 70 to increase, reaching a record high of 31.6 Gt in 2012 due to the steady increase 71 in fossil fuel consumption (Birol, 2013). Clearly, additional measures are required 72 for a timely, technically and economically feasible transition to a low carbon en- 73 ergy system. One such measure would be capture and geological storage of CO2 74 (CCS). CCS could be effectively applied to coal and gas fuelled power plants, as 75 well as to fossil fuel consuming industries. Whereas it has been proposed since the 76 late 1980s, the implementation of CCS has been hampered mainly by political and 77 economical challenges (Metz et al., 2005; Birol, 2013). Clearly, the economical 78 prospects of CCS would benefit greatly from a reduction in the cost of capture, 3PDF Image | High-temperature pressure swing adsorption cycle design for sorption
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