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Figure 2.8 Column pressure during Skarstrom cycle8 2.3.3 Improvements to PSA Cycles The Skarstrom process is effective for air drying, but air separation only produced 90% oxygen at a recovery of 10% with a 13X zeolite adsorbent.8 Enhancements to the cycle were clearly necessary in order for it to become economical for air separation. Several key improvements to the original Skarstrom cycle have allowed it to become a viable option for smaller scale air separation operations. These improvements aim to increase recovery, lower energy requirements, and reduce process size. They include adding additional steps to the original 4-step cycle, operating at lower than atmospheric pressure, and cycling faster. One method of improving recovery uses product gas to pressurize a column after the purge step. Often called product pressurization, this increases product purity because the product gas helps keep the product end clean of the heavy component by pushing back the heavy component front further towards the column feed side. A nearly full pressurization with product gas requires a large tank, hence a full product pressurization is not always desirable. However, a partial pressurization is still advantageous to 25PDF Image | LIMITS OF SMALL SCALE PRESSURE SWING ADSORPTION
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