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5.3 Column Packing and Activation Any adsorption system requires a careful column packing to ensure the amount of zeolite in the column is accurately known. Future process design calculations are highly dependent on these values since the amount of processed gas is dependent on adsorption capacity. The packing procedure was similar for all columns in this dissertation. Initially, a column was packed with a known amount of zeolite prior to activation. Activation involves heating the adsorbent to eliminate contaminants such as water and carbon dioxide that would reduce the selectivity and capacity. Column activation was performed in a furnace under vacuum and low helium flow. The temperature was increased 1 °C every minute until the temperature reached 120 °C. The furnace was then held at this temperature for an hour before again increasing 1 °C every minute until the temperature reached 345 °C, at which the temperature was held for at least seven hours. The column in the furnace was then pressurized with helium to atmospheric pressure and allowed to cool to room temperature. Lastly, the column was weighed to determine the amount of contaminants lost during activation so a “dry” zeolite content could be determined before installation into the PSA or breakthrough system. The weight of the left over helium gas in the column was neglected in this calculation. 5.4 Breakthrough Study 5.4.1 Breakthrough system Measuring the MTZ length and kinetic parameters of the LiLSX adsorbent was completed using a breakthrough column. The breakthrough system used in this 70PDF Image | LIMITS OF SMALL SCALE PRESSURE SWING ADSORPTION
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