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dissertation is shown in Figure 5.3. It is a simple apparatus with a column filled with spherical particles of LiLSX. The column diameter was chosen to keep the column to particle diameter ratio above the commonly accepted threshold of 20 to prevent wall effects.68 Other relevant column specifications are listed in Table 5.2. Specifics related to instruments and operating details may be found elsewhere.69 5.4.2 Breakthrough Measurements Breakthrough experiments were conducted by another graduate student in our lab (Mihir Patel), however the data analysis was primarily done by the author of this dissertation. Pure nitrogen (99.999% purity) and oxygen (99.98% purity) was supplied by Matheson Gas Products. The outlet gas stream of the column was monitored by a Hiden Analytical process mass spectrometer with a response time ~ 300 ms, which detected the molecular ions of O2 and N2. The column was initially saturated at room temperature with pure oxygen at 267 kPa before introducing a ~75/25 mixture of nitrogen and oxygen respectively at the same pressure. The pressure was chosen in the range of the adsorption step of typical vacuum PSA processes. Experiments were run until the outlet concentration reached the inlet concentration at a range of gas velocities within the limits of the system. The effect of external void volume after the column was determined to be negligible in the range of the experiments run. Further discussion on this topic is available in Appendix B. 71PDF Image | LIMITS OF SMALL SCALE PRESSURE SWING ADSORPTION
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