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amount of gas used for each step in the cycle was calculated by multiplying the average flow rate with the cycle time, expressed as: where ΔNstep is the amount of gas used/produced during a specific step in the cycle and tct is the cycle time. Calculating the amount of gas per step in a cycle is a convenient way to conduct a material balance to validate process performance. For a material balance on a PSA process, the input is the amount of gas in the feed stream, while the exit streams consist of the product stream and exit streams of the purge and blowdown step. For this study, the streams from the exit of the purge and blowdown steps are measured with the same flow meter, so this stream is collectively referred to as the waste stream. Thus the overall material balance for the cycle is calculated as: Where is the material balance error, NF is the amount of feed gas used, NP is the amount of product gas produced, and NW is the amount of waste gas generated, all on a per cycle basis. The individual component balances can then be solved by equations 5.9 and 5.10: where , and are the mole fractions of either nitrogen or oxygen in the feed, product, and waste streams respectively. At CSS, values of must be zero; however for 88PDF Image | LIMITS OF SMALL SCALE PRESSURE SWING ADSORPTION
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