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6.3.2 What Causes a Minimum BSF? Understanding what is causing the minimum to occur in our process would be useful for future small scale PSA design. The primary potential contributors according to equation 4.5 are pressure drop and MTZ spreading. Pressure drop was determined to only have a very negligible impact on process performance through the study in section 6.2. Figure 6.20 further confirms this using equation 4.5. The dashed line plots equation 4.5 with pressure drop = 0 and the solid line plots equation 4.5 with pressure drop predicted by the Ergun equation. There is no difference between the dashed line and solid line until a gas velocity ~ 30 cm/s where a small deviation appears. However, the minimum BSF is nearly identical in both cases, which indicates the pressure drop term in equation 4.5 only minimally affects the minimum BSF. Since the pressure drop contribution is so small, equation 4.5 indicates that the MTZ length increasing with velocity is responsible for a minimum BSF. While mass and heat transfer limitations increase the MTZ length, not all of them are a function of velocity. Heat transfer resistances increase adsorbent temperature relative to isothermal conditions, which stretches the MTZ. However, as cycle time decreases under rapid cycling conditions, the time for heat transfer is reduced and the column approaches adiabatic operation. When this occurs, the adsorbent temperature swing becomes nearly constant. Hence, as gas velocity increases at the adiabatic limit, further MTZ spreading due to heat effects is expected to be minimal. For very short cycle times (such as those in this study), it is reasonable to assume the adiabatic limit is reached (or is very close to being reached) and heat effects do not additionally spread the MTZ with increasing velocity. 133PDF Image | LIMITS OF SMALL SCALE PRESSURE SWING ADSORPTION
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