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7 Performance intensification strategies 80 ppm O2; or (3) adjusting the cutting time to 15 s at a purity of 10 ppm O2. However, in accordance with a current global focus on the energy conservation issue, a minimised air demand, rather than maximised productivity designates the preferable process outcome. Therefore, according to Tab. 7-1 and Fig. 7-7, it is of major advantage to (1) operate the PSA plant at moderate temperature of about 20 °C for the nitrogen generation at a purity of 1000 ppm O2; (2) adjust the adsorption pressure to 6 bara at the product purity of 100 ppm O2; or, in the same manner, (3) to adjust the adsorption pressure to 6 bara at a product purity of 10 ppm O2. The detailed operating guidelines of the PSA unit with a focus on the intensification of process performance are presented in Tab. 7-2. Tab. 7-1 Highest productivity and lowest air demand values at individual process intensification strategies Highest productivity [m3n/h N2 / m3 CMS] Lowest air demand [m3n/h air / m3n/h N2] Parameter Range 1000 ppm O2 100 ppm O2 10 ppm O2 1000 ppm O2 100 ppm O2 10 ppm O2 1 2 3 4 99.27 (at 28 °C) 107.66 (at 40 s) 58.56 (at 28 °C) 58.52 (at 45 s) 26.20 (at 28 °C) 26.14 (at 60 s) 3.11* (at 12 °C) 3.20 (at 60 s) 4.47 (at 20 °C) 4.47 (at 60 s) 4.26 (at 15 s) 8.49 (at 20 °C) 8.49 (at 60 s) 7.11 (at 15 s) Operating temperature Half-cycle time 5 – 45 [°C] 40 – 60 [s] ** The second-most significant potential for productivity enlargement / air demand reduction Adsorption pressure 6 – 10 [bar abs] 114.65* (at 10 bar) 61.45 (at 10 bar) 26.96 (at 7 bar) 3.14 (at 9 bar) 4.24* (at 6 bar) 7.06* (at 6 bar) Purge proportionality factor 30 – 60 [%] 102.95 (at 60 %) 61.62* (at 60 %) 28.58 (at 60 %) 3.14 (at 60 %) 4.32 (at 60 %) 8.32 (at 60 %) 0 – 15 [s] 97.75 (at 0 s) 59.39 (at 5 s) 30.95* (at 15 s) 3.13** (at 10 s) 5 Cutting time * The most significant potential for productivity enlargement / air demand reduction Fig. 7-6 Highest productivity [m3n/h N2 / m3 CMS] at individual process intensification strategies at different product purity levels: (1) operating temperature; (2) adsorption pressure; (3) half-cycle time; (4) purge flow rate; (5) cutting timePDF Image | Modelling and Simulation of Twin-Bed Pressure Swing Adsorption Plants
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