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Chapter 1. Introduction operate at the desired purity levels under the effect of disturbances and uncer- tainties. From the operational perspective, the main product losses during the PSA cycles, which reduces the system recovery, happens during the adsorbent regeneration stages of cycle. The fact that off-gas stream leaving the PSA sys- tem, in addition to containing impurity components, also has significant amount of product component, points towards the possibility of PSA integration with other separation devices such as membranes to improve the overall product re- covery. Therefore, in addition to the optimal design and control of stand alone PSA configurations, process integration schemes towards the design of hybrid PSA-membranes systems are also investigated in detail. In the next section, a short summary of the thesis is provided. 1.1 Thesis Outline • In Chapter 2, the basics of PSA operation are introduced. The key perfor- mance indicators are defined, followed by discussion on different types of PSA configurations, involving various combination of beds and processing steps. Next, the significance and role played by various cyclic steps of a multi-bed PSA cycle are described in detail. Finally, a brief overview of alternative gas separation methods such as membrane and cryogenic distil- lation separation is provided. • Chapter 3 describes the important features of the rigorous mathematical model of PSA considered in this work for optimization and control purposes. The underlying assumptions are clearly stated and various methods towards the mathematical evaluation of CSS are also defined. • Chapter4presentsadetailedcasestudytowardsthedesignofanexplicit/multi- 25PDF Image | Operation and Control of Pressure Swing Adsorption Systems
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