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Chapter 3. Mathematical Modeling of PSA Systems In this regard, popular choices such as Langmuir, Freundlich, loading ratio correlation, idealized adsorbed solution theory (IAST) represents the single site adsorption isotherms. On the other hand, the multi-site Langmuir adsorption isotherm from Nitta et al. [107], which is also employed in this work (Eq. 3.1) is suitable for capturing the adsorption dynamics of multi-component mixtures. It is important to note that multi site adsorption isotherms, even though com- putationally intensive from the modeling point of view, more closely capture the actual adsorption behavior for multi-component systems, under a wide range of dynamic pressure and temperature conditions [93, 58, 129, 85, 174, 137]. 3.2.2 Mass Transfer Rates Adsorption takes place at the adsorption site inside the adsorbent particle. The rate of mass transfer of the gaseous molecules of a multi-component mixture, from the bulk phase to the actual adsorption site, plays a significant role in the overall separation dynamics. The actual mass transfer rates not only depends upon the gaseous species affinity for the adsorbent material, but also on the adsorbent physical internal structure, which basically governs the physical path that gaseous molecules follow from the bulk phase to the actual adsorption site. The adsorbent internal physical structure is usually classified in two main categories. The first class is of the homogeneous adsorbents having similar pore structure throughout the body and are characterized by unimodal pore size distribution. The second class belongs to the composite adsorbents, where a single adsorbent particle is made by combining several micro-porous particles together, leading to a bi-modal pore distribution related to the macropores and micropores. Depending upon the pore classification of adsorbents defined above, the major mass transfer resistances to the adsorbate uptake rate are of the following types. • External fluid film resistance 48PDF Image | Operation and Control of Pressure Swing Adsorption Systems
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