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Chapter 3. Mathematical Modeling of PSA Systems This resistance is related to the species mass transfer from the bulk phase to the surface of adsorbent. Its contribution to the overall mass transfer resistance gains significance either when the gaseous phase is not well mixed (leading to appreciable concentration gradients inside the bulk phase itself), or if the boundary layer thickness around the adsorbent particle is quite appreciable (i.e. comparable to the size of particle itself). For gaseous flow in packed columns, this resistance only weakly contributes [137] to the overall mass transfer resistance. • Macropore diffusion The diffusion inside the pores whose mean diameter is considerably higher than the mean free path of the adsorbate molecules is termed as macropore diffusion. For these large pores the bulk diffusion mechanism still prevails, tilting towards Knudsen diffusion if their sizes are just greater than the mean free path of the adsorbate molecules. • Micropore diffusion Micropores are characterized by pore diameter comparable to the adsorbate molecules mean free diameter. Inside these pores, the adsorbate molecules experience a strong interaction from the solid walls, and for all practical purposes can be considered as adsorbed. Consequently, the mass transfer rates inside these pores are quite low, which makes micropore diffusion the most important and rate limiting step in kinetically controlled PSA separations. In addition to this, some amount of surface diffusion at the solid wall surface both at the outside surface and the pore walls (macropore), can also add to the overall mass transfer flux. 49PDF Image | Operation and Control of Pressure Swing Adsorption Systems
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