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Chapter 7. Conclusions and Future Research Directions the simultaneous approach is slightly bigger in size with slower PSA cycles as compared to the design obtained from the sequential approach. In the next com- parative study, a full scale mp-MPC is designed at the nominal conditions to observe any further benefits related to the model based controller. The results show improvement, albeit marginal, in the closed loop response with respect to the optimized PI controller considered in the study. 7.1.3 Design Heuristics for Hybrid PSA-Membrane Sys- tems The main motivation to integrate membrane separation system with the PSA assembly is to minimize the hydrogen loss through the off gas stream of PSA. To analyze the effect of various operating conditions on the CO2 selective membrane system performance, detailed simulation studies are conducted on the stand alone membrane modules. In the upstream configuration, the membrane is subjected to feed conditions of the PSA system, in terms of inlet composition, operating pressure and temperature, while in the downstream configuration, the membrane module is subject to PSA off gas conditions. The results show that with the downstream configuration, both CO2 recovery and purity in excess of 90 % are possible, which are significantly higher than the upstream case. For the hybrid PSA-membrane system design with downstream membrane configuration, key decision variables considered are the membrane area and the PSA cycle time. The results of simulation studies indicates that the hydrogen recovery first increase and then decreases with increasing membrane area with the best recovery of 65.5 %, obtained for membrane area of 0.1 m2. The most important aspect of this study is that the recovery obtained here is almost 10 % higher than the optimal recovery achieved from a stand alone PSA system, providing strong motivation to 166PDF Image | Operation and Control of Pressure Swing Adsorption Systems
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