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Chapter 7. Conclusions and Future Research Directions further study the effect of other important decision variables, such as membrane feed rate, adsorbent bed length and diameter etc, on the hybrid performance, for further benefits. Furthermore, a brief LCA study is also conducted to quantify the environmen- tal impact of the hybrid PSA-membrane separation system in comparison to the stand alone PSA system. Towards this purpose, the cumulative GWP potential is calculated for the net off gas leaving the separation system as a function of the membrane area for the cycle time optimized hybrid and stand lone PSA systems. The results indicates that the minimum value of GWP is achieved for membrane area of 1 m2. This result also highlights the conflict between the design objective, hydrogen recovery and the environmental objective, GWP for choosing a suitable value of membrane area of the hybrid system under consideration. 7.2 Key contributions 7.2.1 Mathematical Model of PSA Operation A key contribution of this work is the development of a detailed mathematical model of the PSA system, which functions as its virtual copy towards the purpose of PSA optimization and control studies. The distributed model incorporates rig- orous formulation of the mass, energy, and momentum balances for the gas-solid system, including dispersive effects in the mass and heat transfer phenomenons. The intra-particle mass transfer rate is presented by linear driving force model, while the adsorption equilibrium characteristic is captured by multi-site Langmuir isotherms. 167PDF Image | Operation and Control of Pressure Swing Adsorption Systems
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