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Application of Pressure Swing Adsorption to Water Detritiation Process 567 Building of fusion plant tritium reduced vapor+hydrogen Hydrogen oxidation reactor ADS Fig. 1 Dryer for vapor adsorption safety aspect against a large inevitable holdup of tritium component as high potential risk. Therefore development of advanced tritium concentration process for the large throughput instead of water distillation process has thus been an essential subject. In this paper, application of pressure swing adsorption (PSA) for the large throughput is proposed as a promising tritium pre-concentration process.12) Water detritiation process by the PSA can gives the additional func- tions of isotope separation in adsorbing operation and quick dehydration by decompression in regeneration operation to the established water adsorption process with a couple of columns, whose reliability is well demonstrated in the triti- um handling facilities. Water detritiation process by the PSA contributes largely to the improvement of economical aspect of the fuel cycle in the fusion plant. Furthermore, there will be feasible to unify absorbers of PSA and dryers of ADS. The PSA is desirable as pre-concentration process since the tritiated water from the ADS and the blanket cool- ing system will be the vapor form. As a safety view of PSA process, tritiated water is trapped on the absorbent. The wa- ter adsorption process has been well demonstrated in the ex- isting tritium facility, so that PSA has preferable advantages concerning safety and reliability requested to the fusion fuel plant. Though there are some reported data concerning HTO/H2 O separation factor with commercial zeolite,13,14) fundamental data on not only the isotope separation factor but also its dehydration characteristics of the zeolite at around room temperature is essential to design the pre-con- centration system by PSA. This paper shows the results of the isotope separation and dehydration characteristics exam- ined by prepared NaX zeolite as a candidacy for PSA ad- sorbent since the prepared NaX zeolite has large adsorption capacity, large zeolite window for water diffusion and mini- mum SiO2 /Al2 O3 ratio for isotope separation.12,15) II. Experimental The experimental apparatus for the fundamental investiga- tion on the zeolite is shown in Fig. 2. Tritium concentration in the humidifiers was 5,000–30,000Bq/cm3 in this study. The idea to connect two humidifiers in series was adopted to keep amount of tritiated vapor fed into the column stable. High-grade helium gas was used as carrier in adsorbing and as purge gas in dehydrating because of its inertness. In the adsorption process, carrier gas with tritiated vapor was fed to the adsorption column (inside diameter: 10 mm, effective column length: 270 mm) after accompanied water mist was trapped in the mist trap. The NaX zeolite (manufac- tured by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd., 1.6 mm, total loading amount: 12.419 g, supermicropore size 8–9 A ) was prepared as adsorbent in this study.12) The type of adsorption isotherm for water vapor on the prepared zeolite is Langmuir type.12) X-type zeolite has larger supermicropore size than A-type so that good dehydration performance is prospected. Furthermore the SiO2 /Al2 O3 ratio of prepared NaX was set to 2.0, which is the minimum value of SiO2 /Al2 O3 ratio, in order to realize a large isotope separation factor. Gas flow rate was measured by accumulated flowmeter. The values of humidity at the inlet and outlet of adsorption column were measured by capacitance type dew-point hygrometer (Panametrics M Series). Tritium component at the outlet of adsorption column was trapped by tritium traps and its concentration was measured by liquid scintillation counter. The temperature at adsorption column, hygrometer, humidi- VOL. 42, NO. 6, JUNE 2005 Blanket coolant loop withdrawn from loop 100kg/h 20kg/h tritium concentrated water 20kg/h SPE (ITER-type combined WDS) 100kg/h (tritium reduced) tritium pre- concentration system (PSA) LPCE tower Tritiated water production and its detritiation in the future fusion power plant natural water to ISSPDF Image | Pressure Swing Adsorption to Water Detritiation Process
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