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3.2. Adsorption performance of structured adsorbents 35 all adsorbents approach feed purity (10%) as the cycle time is decreased. When cycle time is decreased below 120 s, the CO2 purity undergoes a gradual decline in the case of monoliths whereas a much larger decrease is experienced for the packed bed. This reduction is due to pressure drop in the packed bed, which leads to broadening of the mass transfer front, and hence contamination of the top of the bed. Figure 3.14: CO2 product purity as function of cycle time for the 400 cpsi adsorbent, the ideal 900 cpsi adsorbent, and NaX beads. Figure 3.15 shows that the recovery obtained with the structured adsorbents is higher than that obtained with the packed bed. This is directly related to the sharpness of the mass transfer front during the feed step. The sharper front for the structured adsorbents results in less breakthrough of CO2 during step 1 and therefore a higher recovery in the product stream. Longer cycle time gives higher purity and recovery because the lower resulting velocities lead to sharper mass transfer zones. The recovery could be improved by replacing the 3-step cycle with a more complex cycle incorporating product rinse and pressure equalisation. However, the scope of the VSA simulations was not to optimize the system performance but rather to explore and illustrate the advantages and disadvantages of structured adsorbents versus conventional adsorbent beads. As expected, all three adsorbents displayed roughly a hyperbolic pattern for through- put as a function of cycle time, see Figure 3.16. The throughput is highest for a packed bed because of the higher zeolite loading per unit volume column. It is clear that disper- sive effects of pressure drop and mass transfer are becoming more important at shorter cycle times for the packed bed than for the structured adsorbents. Cycle time below 15PDF Image | Structured Zeolite Adsorbents for PSA Applications
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