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with a cell density of 400 cpsi (Corning) were used as supports. Twelve monolith samples were cut with a sharp tool to a cylindrical shape (11 cm long and 2 cm in diameter) from the original monolith and NaX films were grown on the monolith samples in a similar way as described in previous works [20, 30]. In order to remove contaminants that could affect zeolite crystallization, the monoliths were cleaned by rinsing in toluene, acetone and several times in a 0.1 M NH 3 solution. The monoliths were subsequently first dried at room temperature, then in a ventilated oven at 110o C and thereafter cooled in a desiccator. The seeding method used for film preparation consisted of three main steps. (i) Preparation of 80 nm template free colloidal faujasite seeds. A 1 wt% template free colloidal faujasite seed sol was prepared as described earlier [55]. (ii) Deposition of seeds onto the surface of substrates by electrostatic adsorption. An aqueous solution of 0.4 wt% cationic polymer was prepared by diluting a commercial polymer mixture (Redifloc 4150, EKA Chemicals) in distilled water. The pH was adjusted to 8.0 by addition of a dilute ammonia solution. The surface charge of the substrates was reversed by treatment in the cationic polymer solution for 10 minutes. After charge reversal, the substrates were rinsed with a 0.1 M NH3 solution six times to remove excess polymer and were subsequently immersed in the seed sol for 10 minutes to adsorb a monolayer of the 80 nm faujasite seeds. Excess seeds were removed by rinsing six times with a 0.1 M NH3. The sample was left in a 0.1 M NH3 solution prior to film growth. (iii) Growth of the colloidal seed crystals into a continuous polycrystalline film. A gel with molar composition of 14Na2O:Al2O3:10SiO2:800H2O or a clear synthesis solution with molar composition of 80Na2O:Al2O3:9.0SiO2:5000H2O was used for film growth. To prepare the solutions, sodium metasilicate (Na2SiO3 9 H2O, 98%, Sigma-Aldrich) was mixed with pelletized sodium hydroxide (99.9 % NaOH, Merck) and distilled water. An aqueous solution of aluminum sulfate (Al2(SO4)3 18 H2O, Riedel-de- 66PDF Image | Structured Zeolite Adsorbents for PSA Applications
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