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Häen) was added. Thereafter the mixture was vigorously stirred for 2 minutes or 2 hours for the clear solution and the gel, respectively. Hydrothermal treatment was performed in an oil bath under reflux at 100o C at atmospheric pressure. During synthesis, the channels of the support were oriented vertically to reduce zeolite sedimentation from the bulk synthesis mixture onto the walls of the substrate. When using the clear solution, zeolite films were grown in two ways. In the first method, a single hydrothermal treatment was performed for 4 hours. In the second method, a multistep procedure was used where the hydrothermal treatment was carried out in 5 steps of 1 hour and 20 minutes. When performing the multiple step synthesis procedure, 91 g of fresh synthesis solution was used for each step. Films grown from the gel where grown in one step for 9 hours, using 91 g of synthesis mixture. The sample codes starts with the letter C or G for clear solution or gel, respectively, followed by a number indicating the duration of the hydrothermal treatment in hours, see Table 1. After hydrothermal treatment, the samples were carefully rinsed several times in a 0.1M NH3 solution and then dried at room temperature and thereafter for 5-6 hours at 100o C in a ventilated oven. The samples were subsequently cooled in a desiccator prior to characterization. The top ends of all samples were polished to a final length of 10 cm, in order to remove any potentially sedimented zeolite. The zeolite film samples were not calcined as they are grown from template free seeds (as discussed above) in a template free synthesis mixtures, and thus template free. Relatively large discrete crystals (sample label DC) of NaX zeolite were also grown and the powder was used as a reference material. A synthesis mixture with a molar composition of 4.76Na2O:Al2O3:3.50SiO2:450H2O:2.00TEA was used, similarly as described by Hamilton et al. [32]. Aluminum wire (Aldrich, 99,999%) was dissolved under gentle heating and reflux in a 0.8 M NaOH solution prepared from NaOH pastilles (Merck, NaOH > 99.999%) and distilled water. The resulting aluminate solution was then filtered through 0.2 m syringe filters (Acrodisc® Syringe Filters). Thereafter, TEA (98% +, Aldrich) was added to the 67PDF Image | Structured Zeolite Adsorbents for PSA Applications
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