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sectional image of the NaX film grown in the clear solution in a single hydrothermal treatment (sample C4). As already observed from top-view images, the zeolite coating consists of small, not well intergrown crystals and it is therefore difficult to define a film thickness. However, as shown by Figure 2 (d), the NaX coating has an average thickness of about 0.4 m. Figure 2 (f) shows a side-view image of a NaX film grown in the clear solution in 5 steps of 1 h and 20 min. The film has an average thickness of about 1.5 m and again appears to be well intergrown. Figure 3 (a) shows a top-view image at low magnification of the film grown in the gel. Large aggregates, with radii ranging from ca. 0.5 to 10 m, are observed on top of the film. These aggregates were probably deposited by sedimentation from the synthesis mixture. Sediments deposited on top of and embedded in the film may be a disadvantage in PSA applications due to the increased diffusion path of the adsorbing species. Figure 3(b), recorded at higher magnification, illustrates that the sediments are well intergrown. A much lower amount of sediments was observed for the film sample C5*1h20min, as shown in Figure 3 (c). The weight gain of the samples increases in the order C4 < C5*1h20min < G9 and is hence highest for the zeolite film sample grown in the gel, see Table 1. The high weight gain for sample G9 suggests the presence of sediments in accordance with SEM observations. The measured surface area of the monolith support was 0.24 m2/g, which was about 35, 80 and 140 times lower than those measured for the zeolite film samples C4, C5*1h20min and G9, respectively. The observed surface area of the zeolite coated monoliths thus stem almost entirely from the deposited zeolite, see Table 1. The surface area of the monolith was consequently neglected when estimating the zeolite loading of the zeolite coated monoliths from nitrogen adsorption data. The zeolite loading estimated for all zeolite film samples by liquid nitrogen adsorption is, as expected, in rough accordance with the measured weight gain, see Table 1. In the absence of sediments and zeolite growth inside the pores of the 73PDF Image | Structured Zeolite Adsorbents for PSA Applications
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