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temperatures and pressures are additional challenges for conventional membrane plants. Despite their simple operation, the mass flux of permeate gases remains very small compared to that of amine absorption systems and the large-scale plant is not cost- competitive with absorption systems or with PSA processes. With recent advancements in the manufacturing of mixed matrix membranes (MMM), some of the challenges such as low selectivity and thermal and chemical instability can directly be addressed. It is possible to make such a matrix within the same framework of polymer membrane manufacturing (Koros and Mahajan, 2000). Recent efforts have been directed at successful fabrication of MMMs with a variety of polymers and adsorbents. Among these investigations, studies on the integration of zeolites into rubbery polymers have shown improved selectivity without sacrificing permeability (Bernardo et al., 2009). Figure 2.1 shows the improvement in CO2/CH4 selectivity as the adsorbent particles are integrated in the conventional membrane materials without any significant change in polymer permeability. Although recent development in making MMMs addresses the challenges highlighted above for membrane separation process, it also opens new avenues for investigating the applicability of these membranes in separation systems. While an increase in zeolite content in the polymer matrix increases selectivity, and in turn, the separation performance (Koros and Mahajan, 2000), it must be noted that the membrane gas separation process migrates from the conventional sieving mechanism toward the adsorption-based cyclic process. Determan et al. (2011) studied a possible application of MMMs configured by Lively et al. (2009) as hollow fiber modules for the removal of CO2 from flue gas using a TSA process and employed a hot water regeneration stage. In a 14PDF Image | TEMPERATURE SWING ADSORPTION PROCESSES FOR GAS SEPARATION
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