PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 003
Table 1. Overview of national legislations and standard for biome thane use in national grids or as a vehicle fuel. Country Austria France Germany Italy Netherlands Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom Required composition CO2 < 2.0%; O2 < 0.5% (Upper Wobbe index 13.3–15.7 kWh m23) CO2 < 2%; O2 < 0.01% (Higher Wobbe index: 48.24–56,52 MJ/Nm3 for H gas, 42.48–46.8 MJ/Nm3 for L gas) CO2 < 6%; O2 < 3% (Wobbe index 10.5–13.0 kWh m23 for L gas, 12.8–15.7 kWh m23 for H gas) CO2 < 3%; O2 < 0.6% (Wobbe index 47.31–52.33 MJ m23) CO2 < 2.5%; O2 < 0.5% (Wobbe index 49.9–55.7 MJ Nm23) CH4 > 97.0%; O2 < 1% (Lower Wobbe index 12.2–13.1 kWh m23) CH4 > 96.0%; CO2 < 6%; O2 < 0.5% (Wobbe indexes not specified) O2 < 0.2% (Wobbe index: 51.41–47.20 MJ m23) Reference Directives OVGW G31 (2001) and G33 (2006) Decree no. 555 of June 15th 2004; AFG specifications B562-1 (2010) and B562-2 (2011) Standards DVGW G260 (2008) and G262 (2004) Standard UNI/TR 11537 Decree no. WJZ/13196684 Standard SS 155438 Directive SVGW G13 Gas Safety Management Regulations (GSMR1996) Table 2. Carbon dioxide maximum adsorption capacities of several materials at 298.15 K. Adsorbent Synthetic zeolite 5A Synthetic zeolite 13X Silicalite pellets Sepiolite Clinoptylolite Tuff (chabazite 65%) Maximum adsorption capacity (mgCO2/gadsorbent) Reference 273.7 [18] 298.5 [18] 210.8 [12] 11.44 [11] 173.9 [18] 45 [21] research aim is to investigate the feasibility of a continuous biogas upgrading on a pilot plant scale, by means of a VSA on natural zeolites. Hence, a pilot scale plant was developed and monitored to demonstrate the applicability of VSA with natural zeolite in an industrial scale plant. MATERIALS AND METHODS Prototype Description The proposed prototype is located in an olive mill plant named “Consorzio Colli Sabini” in Palombara Sabina (RM), Italy. The prototype is composed by the following compo- nents: anaerobic reactor anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR), biogas cleaning for H2S and H2O removal, VSA prototype for CO2 removal. A complete scheme of the prototype is given in Figure 1, and a detailed description of the VSA unit is giv- en in Figure 2. The ABR was composed of five digestion tanks for a total volume of 1 m3. This reactor configuration was chosen to obtain a stable and optimized biogas feeding in the VSA unit. The stability of the biological process in ABR digester is due to the separation of the different phases of anaerobic digestion process. In particular, in the first compartments hydrolytic process occurs while the acidogenesis and metha- nogenesis take place in the last compartments. Even though the possibility to simultaneously remove water, hydrogen sulfide, and carbon dioxide on natural zeo- lites has been demonstrated to be possible [18,21], in this specific application the two former compounds needed to be removed before the VSA unit, to avoid damages to valves and pumps. Hence, water was removed by cooling, and desulfurization was performed on iron oxide pellets. Pellets were used instead of powder to reduce the impedance [6]. Figure 1. Scheme of the prototype plant. The desulfurization system was composed of two polyethyl- ene column (5 cm diameter, 50 cm length), filled with 1 Kg of ferric oxide pellets. The condenser removed humidity by condensing the water using an ethylene glycol heat exchanger. VSA prototype was composed by a set of adsorbing col- umns for biogas upgrading, a set of pneumatic valves, a gas 2 Month 2017 Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy (Vol.00, No.00) DOI 10.1002/epPDF Image | Vacuum swing adsorption on natural zeolites
PDF Search Title:
Vacuum swing adsorption on natural zeolitesOriginal File Name Searched:
Vacuum_swing_adsorption_on_natural_zeolites.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
CO2 Organic Rankine Cycle Experimenter Platform The supercritical CO2 phase change system is both a heat pump and organic rankine cycle which can be used for those purposes and as a supercritical extractor for advanced subcritical and supercritical extraction technology. Uses include producing nanoparticles, precious metal CO2 extraction, lithium battery recycling, and other applications... More Info
Heat Pumps CO2 ORC Heat Pump System Platform More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)