PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 004
Figure 2. Scheme of the VSA unit. compressor, a vacuum pump, and a biomethane outlet. All components respect the 94/9/CE directive. Two polyethylene columns, 6 cm diameter per 1 m length, were filled with 7 Kg of natural zeolites. The adsorbent amount and the col- umn geometry were chosen to achieve a production closer to 1 L/min of biomethane (3.33 3 1025 m3 s21 biogas treated), taking into account the adsorption capacity of natu- ral zeolites [21] and keeping the linear velocity below 1 cm s21 [18]. Adsorbing columns were connected with pneu- matic valves. A gas compressor (model KZF purchased by GCL Fabrications Limited and Gas Compressors; Church Ln, East Peckham, Tonbridge TN12 5JH, UK) was used for flow- ing biogas through the columns, with a flow rate of 3.33 3 1025 m3 s21 and a pressure of 1.00 3 105 Pa (upstream the column). Space velocity was 5.89 3 103 m s21, correspond- ing to 0.6 cm s21. A vacuum pump piINLINE MINI Xi (pro- duced by Piab AB Box 4501 SE-183 04 T€aby, Sweden) was integrated to the system in order to apply a pressure of 3.00 ABR Operational Conditions ABR plant was developed and fed for 6 months with olive cake (50%) and bovine manure (50%). This feeding was cho- sen since anaerobic digestion of agrozootechnical byproducts is to date a point of high technical and economic interest [3]. The olive cake characteristics were: pH 4.4, Total Solids (TS) 416 g Kg21, Volatile Solids 404 g Kg21 Total Organic Carbon (TOC) 56% TS. The bovine manure characteristics were: pH 5.33, TS 41.6 g Kg21, VS 97.1 g Kg21, TOC 56%. Measurements of TS and VS were performed according to EPA method 1684, while TOC analysis was performed by diluting the samples (1:10) and following EPA method 9060A. Temperature and pH of all mixtures investigated were monitored at least once a day with a TFK 325 ther- mometer (WTW, Weilheim, Germany) and a pH meter (Carlo Erba, Pomezia, Italy), respectively. The feed rate was 0.35 m3 per week, and the temperature of the reactor was controlled to 308C. Biogas production in terms of flow rate and composition TM Regeneration procedure was optimized in terms of pres- sure, time and air flow in the VSA columns, before perform- ing a complete VSA cycle. Four regeneration procedures were tested and different breakthrough times were obtained, as described in Table 3. All regenerations were performed by flowing air on the cartridges. Each procedure was repeated 3 times with new activated zeolites. 3 104 Pa on the saturated adsorbents to be regenerated. The TM piINLINE MINI Xi is supported by an auxiliary flow rate of atmospheric air (50.0 3 1025 m3 s21) and generates the vac- uum by means of Venturi effect. (CO2, CH4, H2S, O2) were monitored with a Geotech GAS 5000TM gas analyzer, three times per day, during the 3 months of experiments. The gas analyser is equipped with specific IR sensors for CO2 and CH4, while H2S and O2 are measured with electrochemical sensors. The sensibility of the analyser is 0.1% for CO2, CH4, and O2 and 2 mg m23 for H2S. Optimization of the Regeneration Procedure Natural zeolites were provided by the quarry “Piandirena”, located in Sorano (GR, Italy). The particle size ranged from 0.1 to 5 mm. The composition was Chabazite (65 6 5%), Phillipsite (3 6 2%), K-feldspate (10 6 3%), augite (261%), mica (562%), and volcanic glass (1564%). The total porosity ranges from 29.55 to 38.31%, the bulk density is in the range of 977.46–1164.97 kg m23, and the average pore diameter varies from 1.42 to 4.643 1026 m3 [25]. Before being used, zeolites were activated by heating to remove humidity and volatile undesired species: since calci- nation of these materials at high temperature with air can lead to a partial block of the pore structure [18], natural zeo- lites were activated for 24 h at 1808C, under a stream of nitrogen [21]. Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy (Vol.00, No.00) DOI 10.1002/ep Month 2017 3 BIO-PDF Image | Vacuum swing adsorption on natural zeolites
PDF Search Title:
Vacuum swing adsorption on natural zeolitesOriginal File Name Searched:
Vacuum_swing_adsorption_on_natural_zeolites.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
CO2 Organic Rankine Cycle Experimenter Platform The supercritical CO2 phase change system is both a heat pump and organic rankine cycle which can be used for those purposes and as a supercritical extractor for advanced subcritical and supercritical extraction technology. Uses include producing nanoparticles, precious metal CO2 extraction, lithium battery recycling, and other applications... More Info
Heat Pumps CO2 ORC Heat Pump System Platform More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)