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Chapter 1 Introduction Antrophogenic climate change due to the widespread use of fossil fuels, and the subsequent emissions of green house gases, is a real concern and a matter to be taken seriously [1]. To solve this problem the world must shift away from oil, gas and coal and develop renewable means of electricity generation. Solar and wind energy is most prominently championed by policy-makers, and laymen, as the future of clean electricity generation. But, what should we do when the sun doesn’t shine and the wind doesn’t blow?” Many might suggest that the solution is that we store enough energy in batteries and further improve the interconnectedness of the power networks of the world, however there are some issues with that idea. Altough perhaps possible in the future, stabilizing the entire electricity network using the battery technology of today is neither possible nor sustainable, due to technical and resource constraints, in addition to being very expensive [2] [3]. It is clear that a renewable, or low emitting, means of continuously generating electricity is needed. Furthermore, ways to improve the energy efficiency, and thus reduce the fuel consumption, of already existing industrial processes and vehicle using fossil fuels, needs to be developed as well. Today, gas and steam power cycles are used to generate most of the electricity in the world, however there are many energy sources for which both gas and steam cycles do not offer viable energy conversion solutions, due to technical infeasibility or unfavourable economics [4]. Such energy sources are either characterized by being of low temperature, low power (below 10 MWel), or a combination of the two. Organic Rankine cycles are, in contrast to gas and steam power cycles, well suited for low power and low temperate heat source applications, such as electricity production from biomass combustion, industrial waste heat and geothermal heat to name a few [4]. The technology is simple, compact and easy to implement: the boiler pressures are relatively low, the turbines can be single stage, the operation is simple and the low maintenance requirements result in high reliability, high availability and long life times [4]. The Organic Rankine Cycle is also well suited for both continuous and variable power generation, and offers good power generation performance during low partial thermal loading [4]. 1PDF Image | Analysis of Organic Rankine Cycles for a Boiler Station
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