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Goldschmidt [5] assessed the profitability of applying ORC systems in boiler stations utilizing hot oil boilers, and found organic Rankine cycles superior to steam/water Rankine cycles in the range of 0.5-2.0 MWel [5]. However the study does not thermodynamically model the system as a whole, so the more practical effects of integrating an ORC system into the station is not investigated. Furthermore, the economic analysis is based on several assumptions, such as an arbitrary 5000 hours full-load operation per year with a fixed net electricity production. In a slightly more recent study, Sundberg et al. (2011) assessed the feasibility of different cogeneration technologies and for different applications [6]. This was done based on a master thesis by performed by Svensson (2011) in which a model of the system was developed in Matlab and simulated using hourly-data [7]. Using the model, several case studies were investigated one of which was the feasibility of applying an ORC system in a small local heating network. The results of the study found that it would not be profitable based on the prevailing economic conditions and due to limitations in available thermal demand resulting in a very small ORC system and thus higher investment costs per kWel. Eriksson (2009) evaluated several different thermal power technologies applied to Swedish conditions of which one was the organic Rankine cycle [8]. Of the assessed technologies, the organic Rankine cycle, applied in a district heating boiler station, was showed to be the most feasible. However none of the technologies were found to be profitability during the prevailing economic conditions. Nazaar and Lundkvist (2018) evaluated the profitability of rebuilding a district heating pipeline and a subsequent installation of a small (<50 kWel) ORC system in boiler station in Sweden [9]. The proposed ORC was modeled as being integrated between the supply- and return temperature allowing for a temperature differential of 50 °C at most. Due to this, a low net electric efficiency of roughly 2.2 % was achieved, resulting in a non-profitable investment. Lind (2015) investigated the electricity generation and profitability of combined ORC and heat pump integrated into a district heating system [10]. It is a certain type of ORC system which can be reversed and act as a heat pump, by some adjustments, allowing for the generation of electricity during the summer and heat during the winter. The proposed integration is similar to the one modeled by Nazaar and Lundkvist [9] in which the system is integrated between the district heating system suppy and return temperature. The results of the study show a very profitable investment, with a payback period of less then two years. This may be due to the fact than an arbitrary net electric efficiency of 5% is used, much higher than what was found by Nazaar and Lundkvist [9]. 2PDF Image | Analysis of Organic Rankine Cycles for a Boiler Station
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