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Figure 2.6: Temperature-Entropy diagrams of saturated Rankine cycles for three different working fluids of different molecular complexity [4]. Firstly, the saturated vapor curve is altered in such a way that the slope of the curve to the right of the critical point is vertical, or positive. This results in a completely dry expansion phase, without liquid formation in the expander, in contrast to a steam/water power cycle which suffers from liquid formation in the last stages of the turbine. For this reason organic Rankine cycles do not, at least when utilizing dry or isentropic fluids, require superheating. This is important since substantial superheating is not possible when utilizing a low temperature heat source; there simply does not exist a second, higher temperature, heat source with which to superheat the vapor with. Secondly, due to the altered characteristics of the saturated vapor curve, a larger part of the heat addition takes place in the liquid fluid state, with respect to the vaporization phase, for power cycles utilizing organic fluids. This is shown by the ”shape” of the power cycle, depicted in the Temperature-Entropy diagrams for Benzene and MDM in figure 2.6 [4]. Thirdly, as is also depicted by the saturation curves of Benzene and MDM in figure 2.6, the tem- perature drop across the expander is lower for organic fluids than for water, resulting in a higher turbine outlet temperature. This will have the affect that the heat released during the process occurs over a larger temperature difference and with a larger amount of heat being released during the desuperheating phase for organic power cycles than for a steam/water power cycles [4]. Categorization of working fluids As previously described and shown by the ”shape” of the power cycle in the Temperature-Entropy diagram, the characteristics of organic working fluids differ from water. Due to this the organic working fluids are commonly categorized into three types [4]: 1. Wet fluids with negative saturation vapor curves 27PDF Image | Analysis of Organic Rankine Cycles for a Boiler Station
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