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by an exponential function, and the installation and maintenance is set to vary in proportion to the unit cost. The exponential unit cost curve is derived from commercial ORC unit prices obtained from contact with manufacturers, and is further verified in literature [63]. Together, the unit and installation cost constitute the total capital expenditure (CAPEX) cost. It is calculated as CCAPEX = CU + CI CU = 12 · 106 [SEK] · (PRATED [W]/106)0.7 CI = CU · 20% where CU is the unit cost and CI is the installation cost. (3.13) (3.14) (3.15) The fuel cost is determined as the amount of fuel used up in the heat addition process. It is determined as the amount electricity generated by the ORC, while taking into account the electric efficiency of the generator. The additional fuel use will equal the amount of additional power the boilers need to supply in order to deliver the correct supply temperature and power to the grid, but it is more convenient to calculate it according to eq. 3.16 CF =QF ·pF = Egen ·pF (3.16) ηgen where QF fuel consumption, CF is the fuel cost, pF is the fuel price, Egen is the amount of generated electricity and ηgen is the electric efficiency of the generator. The maintenance cost is estimated to be in the range of 1.5-2% of the ORC unit cost, per year, [4] [53][55]. However it is important to note that the maintenance costs are difficult to accurately estimate and may easily escalate. Also, something quite interesting to note, is that the maintenance costs should vary inversely with the number of starts and stops of the machine. The result is the maintenance costs of a machine operating at e.g. 7000 hours per year may be less than for a machine operating at e.g. 3500 hours per year. To conclude, the total operational expenditure costs are thus estimated as COPEX = CF + CM CF = Egen · pF ηgen CM = CU · 2% Q∆ = Egen ηgen 50 (3.17) (3.18) (3.19) (3.20)PDF Image | Analysis of Organic Rankine Cycles for a Boiler Station
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