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The total costs are then modeled as CTOTAL = CCAPEX + COPEX (3.21) =CU +CI +CF +CM (3.22) 3.6.3 Modeling benefits The revenues of the investment arise from the generated electricity, which is then sold to the grid or consumed locally in S ̈avelundsverket. In addition to the value of electricity sold, or self-consumed, additional revenues arise from the renewable electricity certificate system. Renewable electricity production is subsidized in Sweden by the mechanism of the electricity certificate system. Producers of renewable electricity are allotted precisely 1 certificate per 1 MWh electricity produced, which the electricity consumers then are required to buy in an open market. The revenues are calculated as Revenue = Egen · (pel + pcert) + Eself-consumed · pdist + ∆Power charge fee (3.23) where pel is the electricity price, pdist is the distribution cost and pcert is the electricity certificate price. The economic parameters used when calculating the costs and benefits of the investment are presented in table 3.5. Table 3.5 List of economic parameters Parameter Discount rate, r Economic lifetime, τ Electricity price, pe Electricity certificate price Electricity distribution cost Power charge fee High load power charge fee Fuel price, pf ORC unit cost Installation cost Operation and maintenance cost Value 5% [60] 20 years [4][53][55] 0.45 SEK⁄MWh 0.05 SEK⁄MWh [61] 0.05SEK/kWh[60] 172 SEK⁄kW [60] 256 SEK⁄kW [60] 0.200 SEK⁄MWh [60] 10-30 kSEK⁄kW [4][53][55] 20% of ORC unit cost 2% of ORC unit cost [4][53][55] 51PDF Image | Analysis of Organic Rankine Cycles for a Boiler Station
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