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Carbon Dioxide Decomposition by Plasma Methods and Application of High Energy and High Density Plasmas in Material Processing and Nanostructures†SRIVASTAVA Mahesh P.** and KOBAYASHI Akira * Abstract The increase of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere can cause climatic and geographical changes which will destroy nature. In order to combat this destruction many researchers have attempted either decomposition of carbon dioxide or carbon dioxide sequestration so as to bring the carbon dioxide content down to 260 ppm in the atmosphere. In the present paper, we have summarized some of the earlier attempts at the decomposition of carbon dioxide. We give a detailed introduction about the gas tunnel type of plasma jet for the decomposition of carbon dioxide. However, in most of the earlier attempts, carbon dioxide decomposed into carbon monoxide which is highly poisonous and it is a drawback in these attempts. In order to circumvent this drawback we have proposed a scheme for decomposition of carbon dioxide using an array of high voltage electrode systems with which it may be possible to decompose carbon dioxide to its constituents. We will also present some of the results of material processing using the gas tunnel type plasma jet and high energy high density non equilibrium plasma under fusion conditions such as those prevailing in dense plasma focus (DPF) device. KEY WORDS: (Carbon Dioxide), (Decomposition), (Plasma Methods), (High Energy and High Density Plasmas), (Material Processing), (Nanostructures) 1. Introduction From ancient times the content of oxygen and carbon dioxide has been found to be between 210 thousand and 260 ppm respectively. This balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide content in the atmosphere has been disturbed significantly due to the rapid increase in population and the consequent deforestation for catering the needs of this enormous population. It is well known that this development is considered to be increase by per capita expenditure of power. This increase may be due to an increase in burning fossil fuels, emission from vehicles, emissions of carbon dioxide from industries and thermal power station and due to other developmental activities. These are the main causes of the rise in atmospheric carbon dioxide. This rise in atmospheric carbon dioxide can cause increase in absorption of long wavelength radiation which is not fully re-emitted. This may have localized effects as well as global effects in the temperature of our earth. The atmospheric temperature increase may result in glaciers melting and sea level increasing which may lead to the interchanging of land and water borders and vice versa. This can cause †Received on June 11, 2010 * Associate Professor ** Professor, Univ. of Delhi dramatic climatic and geographical changes-effecting land & water bodies and will destroy nature. Therefore, the reduction of carbon dioxide is an important research topic for many researchers. Two main techniques adopted for reduction of carbon dioxide level in the atmosphere are carbon dioxide sequestration in which carbon dioxide has to be buried deep into the earth and ocean and carbon dioxide decomposition in which it is to be decomposed into its constituents and recycled. Carbon dioxide decomposition will result in a reduction of the increase of atmospheric carbon dioxide. In addition the reaction products in carbon dioxide decomposition will also help in potential utilization in metallurgy, organic catalysis and hydrogen production and also in restoring the natural carbon resources. In this article we have summarized the mechanical and chemical methods for carbon dioxide decomposition in section 2. These methods are applicable for the decomposition of a few tens of cubic centimeters of carbon dioxide. The plasma methods such as plasma assisted thermal decomposition, dielectric barrier discharge, RF discharge plasma, tunnel type plasma jet for decomposition of carbon dioxide are discussed in Transactions of JWRI is published by Joining and Welding Research Institute, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan. Transactions of JWRI, Vol.39 (2010), No. 1 11PDF Image | Carbon Dioxide Decomposition by Plasma Methods
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