PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 002
Carbon Dioxide Decomposition by Plasma Methods and Application of High Energy and High Density Plasmas section 3 and section 4. However, in most of earlier plasma methods the decomposition of carbon dioxide into carbon monoxide is a major concern. Consequently we propose a scheme for decomposition of carbon dioxide in which the carbon dioxide is decomposed to carbon and oxygen and is discussed in section 5. The use of a gas tunnel type plasma jet and dense plasma focus device for material processing is discussed in section 6. In the dense plasma focus (DPF) device a highly non equilibrium, high energy plasma is generated which gives rise to highly energetic ions and its use for phase change of materials, fabrication of thin films and fabrication of nanoparticles and nanostructures is discussed. 2. Different Methods of Decomposition of Carbon Dioxide In this section we discuss some methods for the decomposition of carbon dioxide. In most of the methods carbon dioxide is decomposed into carbon monoxide and oxygen. The decomposition of carbon dioxide by Davis1) was done using carbon dioxide-argon gas mixture in a shock tube where temperature varies from 2600 to 11000K. The rate of decomposition of carbon dioxide by shock waves is monitored by observing the infrared radiation. When the shock wave passes through the system there is an initial rapid rise in the infrared emission which later decays exponentially. This exponential decay of the infrared emission shows the decomposition of carbon dioxide into carbon monoxide and oxygen. In another study the rate and degree of carbon dioxide decomposition was investigated by Wada et.al2) by reducing magnetite using hydrogen gas in a quartz tube at 3000C. After reduction of magnetite the reaction cell was evacuated to remove the excess hydrogen, then carbon dioxide gas was injected which leads to carbon dioxide decomposition by reduced magnetite. The carbon dioxide decomposition proceeded more effectively on the prolonged Hydrogen-reduced magnetite. At a low reduction degree of magnetite, carbon dioxide was decomposed to carbon with oxygen-deficient magnetite (ODM). On the other hand, at a high reduction degree, the mixed solid phase of ODM and -Fe decomposed carbon dioxide to carbon, accompanying transformation of the mixed phase to the magnetite phase. Alternatively it is possible to decompose the carbon dioxide using the phase transformation of the magnetite under ball milling3) instead of its reduction. In this, fine magnetite (Fe3O4) powder was used as the starting material, in which no impurities or other phases are included. A part of the sample was placed in a ball-mill vial with stainless steel balls. The inner pressure was kept constant. Mechanical milling was performed for a long time using a high-energy vibration ball-milling machine. After milling, Fe and Fe2O3 phases appear in addition to the magnetite phase, if continuous milling was done then the Fe2O3 disappeared after some time and a FeO phase appeared simultaneously. The magnetite content gradually decreased with milling. The carbon dioxide decomposition with the milled powder was carried out in a quartz tube which was heat treated in a horizontal furnace. The carbon content of the sample slightly increased with milling time indicating that the production of FeO phase contributed to carbon dioxide decomposition. After the decomposition sample contained graphite (or other types of carbon), undissolved Fe (both bcc and fcc structure) and Fe3O4 phase. Catalyzing effects of impregnated Rh, Pt and Ce on Ni (II)-bearing ferrite (NF) activated with hydrogen have been studied for carbon dioxide decomposition to carbon at 300 oC 4). In this study the metal impregnated NF (m-NF) samples was first prepared chemically. Then a portion of sample was placed in a quartz tube within an electric furnace, and hydrogen gas was passed over the NF or m-NF samples to activate the samples. The activation rate of the metal impregnated NF samples was about 1.6 times as large as that of the NF samples. NF and m-NF samples were activated until their weights decreased by 10% and allowed to oxidize while flowing the carbon dioxide gas. Then carbon dioxide gas was injected to react with activated sample. The rates of carbon dioxide decomposition using activated Rh, Pt and Ce materials were larger than that of the activated NF. The effect of metal impregnation on the activation and carbon dioxide decomposition increased in the order of Ce < Pt < Rh. In another study the thermal decomposition of carbon dioxide in a dense mixed-conducting membrane reactor was reported by Jin et.al5). In this study there is a coupling between the carbon dioxide decomposition and the partial oxidation of methane (POM). The perovskite-type oxide of SCFZ (SrCo0.4Fe0.5Zr0.1O3) was used to construct the membrane reactor. A disk shaped SCFZ membrane between two gold rings was held in place by two quartz tubes. The gold rings were of same dimensions as those of the quartz tubes, which left an effective area for oxygen permeation. An inner quartz tube was used to introduce a gas mixture of carbon dioxide and helium to the lower chamber, while the other quartz tube was used to introduce a gas mixture of methane and argon to the upper chamber. In this reactor first the reaction of carbon dioxide decomposition took place and then the POM reaction occurred simultaneously (or methane reacted with oxygen that permeated through the membrane from the carbon dioxide decomposition, to produce hydrogen and carbon monoxide gas over supported transition metal catalysts). The main advantage is utilizing reasonable carbon dioxide as the oxygen source, which reduces the discharge of carbon dioxide into atmosphere. It was found that the carbon dioxide conversion increased with increasing the temperature and decreased with increasing the feed flow rates of carbon dioxide or with decreasing the feed flow rates of methane. 12PDF Image | Carbon Dioxide Decomposition by Plasma Methods
PDF Search Title:
Carbon Dioxide Decomposition by Plasma MethodsOriginal File Name Searched:
391-03.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP |