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3. Decomposition of Carbon Dioxide Using Plasma Methods In this section we discuss some of the plasma methods for carbon dioxide decomposition. One of the methods is reported by Huczko et.al6), in which a plasma reactor consisting of a typical plasma torch attached to a quartz tube was used for carbon dioxide decomposition and is shown in Fig. 1. The plasma jet was generated by a d.c. arc discharge under atmospheric pressure. In this experiment the thermal decomposition of carbon dioxide occurred in argon plasma where carbon dioxide decomposed into carbon monoxide and oxygen. The oxidation of the carbon monoxide begins but the further decomposition of carbon monoxide to carbon cannot be done using this method. Radio-frequency (RF) plasma is one of the alternative techniques for the decomposition of carbon dioxide. Hsieh et.al7) proposed an RF plasma technique for decomposition of carbon dioxide. Figure 2 shows the main components of the Hsieh’s experimental equipment which include a vacuum pump, a gas introduction device (mass flow controllers), a RF power source (an excitation source producing electromagnetic radiation within radio frequencies for initiating and sustaining plasma) and a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer analysis system. Fig. 1 Schematic of the plasma reactor. An RF plasma reactor was used in the experiment and a cylindrical vessel having an outer copper electrode wrapped on the plasma reactor and grounded. A 13.56 MHz RF power is connected to the outer copper electrode. The gas mixture was introduced from the bottom of the reactor which flows through glass tubes into the powered electrode zone. Under specific conditions one can observe that the decomposition fraction of carbon dioxide was 60.0%, which occurs around 316 oC. In another study the decomposition of carbon dioxide using capacitive RF discharge was investigated by Sergey et.al8) over a moderate range of pressures (5-60 Torr) in a flowing plasma chemical reactor. Pure gas (or a mixture) went through the discharge tube, and after cooling down to room temperature, the product gases were analyzed by mass spectrometer. The schematic drawing of the experimental setup is shown in Fig. 3. In this experiment two kinds of plasma chemical reactors were used. One of them was a Pyrex discharge tube cooled using air flow from a ventilator. The second one was a quartz discharge tube positioned inside the oil-filled glass tube. A 13.56 MHz radio-frequency (RF) source is used for producing output power from 0 to 300 W. In this experiment the decomposition of carbon dioxide is caused by direct electron collision via excitation of the unstable electronic state. Carbon monoxide was mainly produced from the decomposition of carbon dioxide. The decomposition of carbon dioxide in a plasma reactor was investigated experimentally by Mori et.al9). Figures 4 and 5 show schematic diagrams of the experimental apparatus and the capillary plasma reactor, respectively. The capillary plasma reactor is a Pyrex glass tube connected to the gas inlet and outlet line by stainless-steel unions. The discharge tubes have two branch tubes for mounting the electrodes. The reactant gas flow does not contact thelectrodes directly to eliminate the influence of the cathode and anode regions on carbon dioxide decomposition. Between the two electrodes, a dc voltage is applied and helium/carbon Transactions of JWRI, Vol.39 (2010), No. 1 Fig. 2 Schematic diagram of experimental apparatus. Fig. 3 Schematic drawing of experimental setup. 13PDF Image | Carbon Dioxide Decomposition by Plasma Methods
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