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collisions: elastic and inelastic. In elastic collisions between charged particles (typically a very light electron) and neutrals (a heavy particle), there is no change in the internal energies of the colliding particles and the electron simply scatters. However, when an electron succeeds in transferring energy and changes the internal structure of the neutral via ionization or excitation, this collision is called inelastic [78]. There are special cases when energy is transferred from an excited atom or molecule back into the kinetic energy of an electron; this is referred to as a superelastic collision. The collision cross section along with the mean free path, collision frequency, and reaction rate coefficient are some of the parameters that define a collisional process. The cross section can be illustrated as a circular area of influence, σ, surrounding a collisional particle. When another particle breaches this region a collision is said to have taken place. The mean free path is the average distance a particle will travel before encountering a collision. The relationship between mean free path and cross section is given by Equation 3.1 where nB is the number density of particle B with which a collisional process occurs [37]. λ = 1/nBσ (3.1) The frequency of a collision, given by ν, is defined in Equation 3.2 with v representing the relative velocity between two collision partners A and B. νA = v/λ = nBσv (3.2) Once Equation 3.2 is averaged resulting in the relation νA = ⟨σv⟩nB, the reaction rate coefficient can be defined as ⟨σv⟩ [37]. This factor depends on energy distribution functions and the mean energies of collision partners, as shown in Equation 3.3. It provides a connection between micro- and macro-kinetic processes and can provide 32PDF Image | CO2 Conversion in a Microwave Plasma Catalyst System
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