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4.4 Efficiency Requirements To determine if CO2 reduction in a low-pressure RF plasma discharge is valid for large-scale applications aimed at reducing atmospheric CO2 emissions, it is necessary to understand the energy efficiency requirements for such a system to be profitable from an energy standpoint. Therefore the energy required to dissociate CO2 is be compared with the amount of energy that is released from burning natural gas and coal, and a discussion of how much CO2 is emitted from burning these fossil fuels will follow. Normally all of the energy released during the combustion of coal and methane would be used to power a specific process. Here it will be proposed to use a portion of that released energy to dissociate the molecules of CO2 produced during the process, creating a system in which fossil fuels can still be used to produce energy while simultaneously dissociating the CO2 molecules that are a result of producing this energy. From Equation 3.39 we know that a plasma system used for CO2 dissociation will require a cost of at least 2.9 eV for every CO2 reduced to CO. Equation 4.6 describes the combustion of methane (CH4), which releases 891 kJ/mol of energy, equivalent to 9.25 eV/mol, and creates one molecule of CO2 for every molecule of CH4 burned. However, we must consider the conversion efficiency of the natural gas power plant, which can reach as high as 60% [69], leaving us with only 5.55 eV/mol of energy to be consumed. CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O + (−891 kJ/mol) (4.6) If the plasma system is 100% energy efficient, only 2.9 eV is required to dissociate the one molecule of CO2 created by the combustion of one methane molecule. Let’s propose that the remaining 5.55 eV released from methane combustion will be used to ‘pay’ for the dissociation of CO2. By subtracting the 2.9 eV needed to reduce CO2 to CO from the total energy output of methane combustion, the resulting net 76PDF Image | CO2 Conversion in a Microwave Plasma Catalyst System
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