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energy gain is 2.65 eV. This 2.65 eV of energy can be considered ‘clean’ energy and free of any carbon footprint because the CO2 molecule that is normally emitted into the atmosphere has been dissociated with the energy from combustion. However, realistically the system will not be 100% efficient. With this information, a minimum level of energy efficiency can be defined such that the system will ‘break even’ (i.e. 5.55 eV is released from combustion and 5.55 eV is used to produce one molecule of CO from CO2). Using (4.2) as the definition of energy efficiency with ECO = 5.55 eV/mol (recall that ECO is the actual energy cost of one CO molecule in the system), it can be found that ηmin = 52%. If the energy cost of producing one CO molecule can be lowered, thereby increasing the energy efficiency greater than ηmin, this will result in an overall net energy gain for the system. For example in the work presented by [87], a 2.4 GHz microwave plasma system operating at moderate pressure of 50 - 200 torr with up to 1.7 kW of microwave power was able to achieve an energy efficiency of 80% [87]. This will result in a net energy gain of 1.9 eV. A similar analysis can be performed for the combustion of charcoal. Equation 4.7 describes charcoal combustion, which releases 393 kJ/mol of energy, equivalent to 4 eV/mol, and creates one molecule of CO2 for each molecule of carbon burned. However, the conversion efficiency of convectional coal power plants is only around 35%, leaving just 1.4 eV/mol. C + O2 → CO2 + (−393 kJ/mol) (4.7) If the plasma system is 100% energy efficient, then 2.9 eV/mol is needed to dissociate CO2, which is already more than the remaining energy gained from coal combustion. Therefore, there will be a net energy loss if this method is applied for reducing emissions from coal combustion. This analysis has not included the energy conversion efficiency of the chosen plasma system, which could introduce an additional loss into the calculations, making this technology undesirable for the reduction of CO2 emissions when any fossil fuel source 77PDF Image | CO2 Conversion in a Microwave Plasma Catalyst System
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