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is supplying the electrical requirements. A better option may be to use renewable energy sources such as wind or solar power, which do not release any carbon into the atmosphere. However this analysis can provide a general baseline requirement for looking at CO2 dissociation in plasmas. 4.5 Conclusions A low-pressure RF plasma source has experimentally shown the capability of dissociating CO2 to CO and O2. While the discharge can generate high conversion efficiencies near 90%, the energy efficiency is less than 3% for almost all operating conditions. Therefore this helicon plasma system is not a good candidate for CO2 emission reductions for either coal or natural gas combustion processes. However, a plasma system that is capable of achieving η > 52% (e.g., microwave discharge) has the possibility to apply this technology to natural gas combustion while still achieving a net energy output. Experimental results have shown that microwave discharges can achieve energy efficiency as high as 90% under certain operating conditions [37]. This high performance stems from the unique ability of microwave discharges to excite the vibrational modes of the CO2 molecule, which is the most effective path to dissociation. The optimum operating conditions to excite vibrational modes of CO2 include having a specific energy input of 1 eV/molecule, an electron temperature of 1 eV, and an ionization degree (ne/no) ≥ 10−6 [37]. The rf plasma source studied in this work did not meet this criteria, which explains the low energy efficiency. However microwave sources operating at moderate pressures have shown that they can meet these conditions, and thus may be a good candidate for CO2 dissociation. 78PDF Image | CO2 Conversion in a Microwave Plasma Catalyst System
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