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Ev = 1 eV/mol. Therefore at the stated power level used, this corresponds to CO2 flow rates in the range of 15-31 slm. Due to operating constraints at atmospheric pressure, experimental CO2 flow rates range from 1-16 slm. At such high flow rates, CO2 alone is not able to sustain a discharge and Ar is required to be injected simultaneously. In the previous experiments described in Chapter IV, Ar is only used at small flow rates as a calibration gas for RGA data analysis. However in the microwave atmospheric pressure plasma, Ar functions as a calibration gas as well as a discharge stabilizing gas. The presence of Ar helps to sustain the discharge by providing electrons to the plasma. Therefore, experimental Ar flow rates were significantly higher than previously used, varying from 6, 8, and 10 slm. Initially the plasma is ignited using the Tesla coil with a background gas of pure Ar. Then CO2 gas is injected and flow is slowly increased until reaching the desired operating condition. The presence of CO2 changes the discharge characteristics dra- matically. As CO2 is introduced into the discharge, the energy switches to vibrational excitation of CO2 rather than ionization; hence the need for Ar since it can be easily ionized. Figures 6.1 and 6.2 show how the optical emission spectrum changes with the addition of 1 slm CO2 into a background of 8 slm Ar at 1 kW of input power. The strong intensity Ar neutral lines from 700-800 nm are the dominant species present in the spectrum for the pure Ar discharge. With the addition of CO2 in Figure 6.2, most of the Ar neutral lines suffer a significant reduction in intensity and the dominant spectral lines become the C2 Swan band system showing band heads at (0,0), (1,0), and (0,1), 516, 473, 562 nm respectively [79]. A weaker O I line is also present at 777 nm as well as O II around 425 nm. The absence of the Ar neutral lines indicates that most of the Ar is becoming ionized and serving as the main electron production mechanism. The presence of the Swan system indicates that carbon is being generated either from CO2 or CO. It is unlikely that the reaction CO2 → C(s) + O2 is responsible because of the high-energy 108PDF Image | CO2 Conversion in a Microwave Plasma Catalyst System
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