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than the minimum required value of 3 × 10−7 discussed in Section 3.2 to effectively stimulate the vibrational modes of CO2. The low ionization degree also leads to a decrease in the level of thermal non-equilibrium [37]. Hence, the lower-than-expected electron density has provided information to support the experimental results of low energy efficiency and high gas temperature. Overall, the GlobalKin program does not provide a perfect model for the atmo- spheric pressure surface wave discharge. GlobalKin assumes a spatially uniform plasma, but surface wave discharges are neither axially nor radially uniform [55]. Particularly in contracted discharges, small changes in gas temperature can affect other plasma properties like electron density [72], which can affect the overall wave propagation. A more complete model would include a numerical solution of the full set of Maxwell’s equations to account for changes in wave propagation, coupled self-consistently to a set of fluid-plasma equations for determining species densities and plasma temperatures. Such models have been developed and studied here [54,72], and have shown good agreement with experimental results. Despite these faults, the GlobalKin model still provided useful information for characterizing the CO2/Ar discharge. 6.4.3 Cost Analysis An overall cost analysis of the MW system can be performed to determine the feasibility of the technology from an economic standpoint. In Chapter IV, a minimum energy efficiency was defined as ηmin = 52% when a natural gas power plant with 60% energy conversion efficiency is used to power the plasma system. The highest energy efficiency reached in the atmospheric pressure microwave system was only 20%, but that only accounts for the efficiency of the dissociation process. A total plasma system efficiency can be calculated when taking into consideration the conversion of AC wall power to DC power in the MW power supply and the conversion of DC power to MW power at the magnetron head. 146PDF Image | CO2 Conversion in a Microwave Plasma Catalyst System
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