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The efficiency of AC to DC conversion occurring at the MW power supply can be defined as ηAC→DC = (power factor) × (rectifier efficiency) (6.8) where the power factor is the efficiency of AC to DC conversion and rectifier efficiency is the conversion of DC to DC. The MW power supply has a power factor rating of 0.74 while the rectifier efficiency is given as 90% [1], resulting in a total conversion efficiency of 67%. The total output DC power from the power supply is 3 kW, while the total MW output power is only 2 kW. Thus the conversion efficiency of DC power to MW is also 67%. Therefore the energy efficiency of the MW system before CO2 dissociation is considered is only 45%. Even if the energy efficiency of dissociation is 100%, the total energy efficiency will never reach ηmin = 52%. When taking the power conversion losses into account, the total energy efficiency of the plasma system for CO2 dissociation drops from its highest value of 20% to 9%, assuming all forward microwave power is transmitted to the plasma with no reflected power losses. This also assumes no other operating costs for external equipement like the recirculating chiller used in the experimental setup for this dissertation research. The total MW system energy efficiency can be related to cost by using the current 2012 national average price of electricity. Since electricity used to power the plasma source currently costs 10 ¢/kW-hr, this can be used to calculate the cost of CO2 dissociation. For ηtotal = 9%, the energy requirement is 32 eV for every CO2 molecule dissociated, equivalent to about 0.02 kW-hr/g of CO2 destroyed. Using the average cost of electricity, the cost associated with dissociation is thus $0.002/g of CO2. In the U.S., the average amount of CO2 emissions per kW-hr resulting from electricity and heat generation was 530 g/kW-hr between the years 2007-2009 [44]. Therefore the cost of eliminating CO2 emissions from electricity and heat generation is $1/kW-hr. To put this in perspective, the average American home annually consumes 11,500 kW-hrs of electricity [23]. This would cost each home $11,500 to treat the CO2 emissions 147PDF Image | CO2 Conversion in a Microwave Plasma Catalyst System
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