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50 3 Methods for Sizing and Performance of Hybrid-Electric Aircraft 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 0 50 100 150 200 Mission Time [min] PL _EM [ ] Nr el_PD [] Figure 3.18: Part-load power of the electric motor and relative corrected ducted fan speed versus mission time The diversion descent is performed without the electrical fan. As the diversion is flown at a lower altitude than cruise, the required fan shaft power is larger than at the design TOC point. The power of the electric motor limits consequently the performance of the electric fan during diversion. As indicated in Figure 3.18, the electric motor runs at maximal power while ππππ,ππ· achieves a value around 0.76 during the diversion cruise segment. From this analysis, it could be concluded that the electric motor should be sized at relevant take-off conditions such that take-off and initial climb performance requirements are met. But in fact, the critical sizing case of the electric motor depends on the level of π»ππ’π π. At low values of π»ππ’π π, the turbofan still delivers a large proportion of the thrust at take-off. Consequently, the sizing case for the electric motor is at TOC. According to ππππ ,πΈπΉ , ππ π· and the flight speed conditions at TOC, the electric motor power is sized according to Equation 3.34. ππΈπ,πππ₯ = ππππ ,πΈπΉ Β· π Β· π (3.34) πππ· The available take-off thrust of the turbofan results from the sizing of the turbofan at TOC according to Equation 3.30. It depends on the thrust lapse characteristics of the turbofan and on the temperature limitation setting at take-off. The de-rating of the turbofan can be adjusted to improve the life-cycle of the turbofan according to the electric fan maximal thrust available at take-off. The available take-off thrust of the electric fan depends on the installed electric motor according to the sizing resulting from Equation 3.34 and the thrust lapse characteristics of the electric fan as shown for a generic ducted-fan in Figure 3.12. taxi-out + takeoff climb cruise descent diversion + hold landing + taxi-inPDF Image | Conceptual Design Methods Hybrid-Electric Transport Aircraft
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