PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 071
3.2 Methods for Sizing and Performance of Hybrid-Electric Aircraft 49 π»π is consequently a design parameter which can be optimized according to the selected objective function. An integrated investigation of the implication of the level of π»π on block fuel consumption is analysed in Section 5.3 for the retrofit of a narrow-body transport aircraft equipped with a parallel hybrid-electric propulsion system. For a parallel hybrid- electric propulsion system whose electrical motor is used to drive by itself the shaft of the propulsive device during some segments of the mission profile, the electric motor can be sized with Equation 3.32. However, a more practical sizing case is given by sizing the electric motor according to the maximal shaft power required by the propulsive device during the selected mission segment or at any other selected sizing point in the flight envelope. The level of π»π becomes an outcome of the sizing process. This method was used for the sizing of a narrow- body transport aircraft, presented in Section 5.4, which features a parallel hybrid-electric system whose electric motor drives the shaft of the propulsive device during cruise only. Considering a serial system, the electric motor drives the shaft of the propulsive device. As the result, the electric motor is sized to meet the required aircraft performance within the flight envelope. Recalling Equation 3.24, the electric motor power is sized for the maximal power occurring within the flight envelope as defined in Equation 3.33. ππΈπ,πππ₯ = max(πππ· Β· π Β· π) (3.33) πππ· For a partial parallel hybrid system, the sizing depends on the shaft power characteristics of the propulsive device. If the electric motor is sized according to the propulsor shaft power required at TOC, the installed power of the electric motor limits the ducted fan performance at lower altitude as the power demand of the ducted fan increases with decreasing altitude. The evolution of the power requirement of a ducted-fan with varying altitude and Mach number was represented for maximum thrust in Figure 3.12. As a result the fan speed is reduced during take-off and climb limiting the available thrust. The decrease of the installed thrust with reduction of the relative corrected fan speed ππππ,ππ· was represented in Figure 3.13 for varying altitudes at π 0.78 and in Figure 3.14 for varying Mach number at a FL 350. The sizing implications on the ducted fan off-design speed characteristics are represented generically in Figure 3.18. It illustrates the variation of the normalized power load of the electric motor ππΏπΈπ and ππππ,ππ· throughout a given mission for an electric motor sized for the shaft power requirement at TOC. From takeoff which starts at around 7 min and the end of climb which finishes at around 30 min, the operations of the electric fan are limited by the installed power of the electric motor. ππππ,ππ· is less than 1.0 while the electric motor runs at its maximum installed power. During climb ππππ,ππ· increases as the required fan power decreases with altitude to reach the value of 1.0 at TOC. In this example the design point of the electric motor was set at FL350 and π 0.78. The fact that the TOC and the cruise were flown at π 0.75 the electric motor power requirement is slightly less than 1.0 at TOC and during the cruise segment which has a duration of 125 min. During the descent phase, the electric fan is not used which explains the zero values for ππΏπΈπ and ππππ,ππ·. Beyond 150 min of the operation, the diversion is represented including the climb and cruise segment.PDF Image | Conceptual Design Methods Hybrid-Electric Transport Aircraft
PDF Search Title:
Conceptual Design Methods Hybrid-Electric Transport AircraftOriginal File Name Searched:
1399547.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)