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94 5 Integrated Performance of Hybrid-Electric Propulsion Systems (AEO) thrust-to-weight ratio π/πππππ΄πΈπ decreases with increasing π»ππ’π π up to 50%. At an π»ππ’π π value of around 50%, the TOFL becomes the critical sizing criterion. However, it can be observed that instead of remaining constant, π/πππππ΄πΈπ still decreases slightly. Besides the change in aerodynamic efficiency due to sizing effects with increasing π»ππ’π π, it is also a result of increases in π/ππππππΈπΌ with higher π»ππ’π π. In other words, by increasing π»ππ’π π more thrust per weight is available during the OEI case. 5.5.2.5 Sensitivity Study According to Battery Gravimetric Specific Energy The influence of lower battery specific energy on aircraft sizing and performance was assessed in Section 5.4. The sensitivity of the quad-fan model against the technological level of the battery was investigated by Pornet and Isikveren [31]. Figure 5.21 represents the relative change in block fuel versus the change in block ESAR for a ππ΅ππ‘ of 1000 Wh/kg. The reduction of the potential block fuel benefits as well as the increased degradation of the vehicular efficiency are observable. A notable effect is the reduction in the design range for potential fuel burn reduction achievement. Assuming 1000 Wh/kg, no significant potential block fuel reduction is to be expected for design range above 1200 nm. In comparison, for a ππ΅ππ‘ of 1500 Wh/kg, potential block fuel reduction could not be achieved above a design range of 1900 nm. The level of potential savings in block fuel reduces also considerably. For design ranges of 900 nm and 1100 nm, block fuel reduction of 23% and 16% are reached for π»ππ’π π of 50%. It is about half of the potential achieved assuming a ππ΅ππ‘ of 1500 Wh/kg. The amplified sizing cascading effects of the battery weight is clearly perceived through the significant degradation in vehicular efficiency. At a design range of 1100 nm and an π»π π’π π of 50% the block ESAR is reduced by more than 25% compared to the conventional twin-engine aircraft.PDF Image | Conceptual Design Methods Hybrid-Electric Transport Aircraft
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