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DESIGN TECHNOLOGY FOR CARBON DIOXIDE RUNNING TURBINE Choice of Design Parameters As mentioned above, neither gas nor steam turbines have not yet reached these high initial parameters. The traditionally high pressures of 20-30 MPa are used in steam turbines and the high temperatures above 1000 °C in gas turbines. The oxy-fuel combustion cycle analysis method was applied to the calculation of thermodynamic parameters of 350 MW Allam cycle power facility. The optimal thermodynamic cycle parameters were used for the equipment development input data [11]. The cycle net efficiency including the power consumption for oxygen production and carbon dioxide storage was assumed as optimum criteria. The thermal scheme analysis gives the turbine carbon dioxide massflow of 600 kg/s. The cycle maximal net efficiency is reached at the turbine inlet parameters of 30 MPa and 1083 °C and the exit pressure of 3 MPa. At these inlet and exit parameters, the turbine flowpath design thermal drop is 610.1 kJ/kg and the Allam cycle net efficiency is 56.5%. The turbine rotation speed is an important parameter that determines its reliability and efficiency, envelope dimensions and metal consumption. For the 50 Hz power grid frequency, the simplest electric generator must rotate with the 50 Hz frequency, or 3000 rpm speed. Small power gas and steam turbines are often designed for over 5000 rpm speed that reduces the turbine mass, dimensions and thermal drop. Then the 3000 rpm electric generator speed is reached by application of a reduction gearbox. The gearboxes efficiency is about 96-98%, which reduces the facility efficiency and the additional equipment hurts the facility reliability. In large power facilities, the flowpath dimensions are large and the higher rotation speed causes extreme centrifugal loads in blades root and disc couplings. In addition, the development of high power gearboxes causes serious difficulties. High power steam turbines with long blades up to 1400-1600 mm in the last stages in some cases run twice lower speed. For example, 25 Hz and the 50 Hz electric power is produced by more complicated four pole generators. In these cases, the stage thermal drop is also twice smaller as to keep its high efficiency. This requires a larger number of the turbine stages. Thus, the 3000 rpm speed that is equal to the generator speed is assumed reasonable for the large power Allam cycle turbine. Flowpath Design Technology A preliminary review of available flowpath design methods shows that at the initial stage of turbine design it is reasonable to apply technology used for high pressure turbines of large steam turbines. For example, the paper [12] discloses design concept for advanced ultra-super critical (USC) steam turbine. The work [13] proposes technical solutions for a USC power facility. The high initial temperature requires the development of the flowpath cooling system, where it is reasonable to apply methods and technical solutions used in gas turbines. The technology solutions of the flowpath design determine technical and financial facility performance. Here it is essential to select the multiple parameters that influence the turbine mass, dimensions, and efficiency. The paper [14] reviews the main parameters that influence the flowpath technical and efficiency parameters. The traditional determining problem is optimization of the stages reaction degree ρ and the velocity ratio U/cs. Selection of these factors combination is a technical and financial problem. Their optimal relation for the stage aerodynamic performance is defined as follows (1): U φ cosα1 . c 2 1 ρ In some cases, the U/cs parameter is taken lower than the (1) result in terms of reaching the turbine acceptable dimensions and mass. s opt (1) 020018-2PDF Image | design approach for supercritical CO2 gas turbine
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