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Chapter 3: Experimental setups the filling factor with the supply pressure is due to the increasing impact of the leakages. On the contrary, the decrease of this factor with the oil mass fraction can be due to either the better ability of oil to seal the leakage paths or the larger supply pressure drops. It should however be noted that the range of variation of the filling factor is quite limited, making it impossible to draw any accurate conclusion. The polynomial law should therefore be taken as a general trend, not a firm rule. 5 Conclusions Experimental data is a prerequisite to quantify the physical phenomena occurring in an ORC system. In this chapter, different experimental setups have been presented. The measurements on the ORC prototypes gave special insight of the studied system. Their accuracy and reliability were cross-checked using the different redundancies and heat balances available on the test bench. The ORC prototype highlighted the main sources of irreversibility in the cycle, such as pressure drops, subcooling or excessive superheating. It also pointed out the effect of non-condensable gases in the cycle, which is to impose an "artificial" subcooling at the pump inlet, and to prevent the condensing temperature to decrease. The effect of the refrigerant charge was also evaluated and correlates fairly well with the superheating at evaporator exhaust and condenser supply. The low effectiveness of the diaphragm pump was also pointed out. The final performance of the prototype was 7.3% efficiency, with a net output power of 1709 W. The experimental investigations allowed better characterizing the performance of two prototypes of scroll expander: a lubricated hermetic expander derived from an existing heat pump compressor, and an oil-free open-drive scroll expander derived from an air compressor. The tested prototypes achieved an excellent performance, generally higher than the one reported in the scientific literature: a maximum electrical isentropic effectiveness of 71.03% was reached on the hermetic expander, compared to a maximum of 68% in previous scientific works. The maximum mechanical isentropic effectiveness of the open-drive expander was 71.1%. It can therefore be concluded that the performance of the oil-free scroll expander is lower than that of the hermetic scroll expander since its effectiveness does not take into account the electromechanical losses of the generator. This lower performance is mainly due to higher internal leakage due to the absence of oil between the scrolls. Additional tests with larger oil mass fractions indicated that the isentropic effectiveness of the hermetic machine decreases with the quantity of oil. Further investigation must indicate with certainty the underlying reason. 25PDF Image | Organic Rankine Cycles for Waste Heat Recovery and Solar Uses
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