PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 103
Chapter 5: Fluid selection and cycle optimization 4 Working fluid selection: The operating map approach In most cases, the selection of the working fluid is linked to that of the expansion machine: selecting a certain type of expander makes the use of a series of working fluids possible while others must be rejected. In the same manner, when a working fluid is selected, not all types of expansion machines are suitable for the imposed working conditions. Selecting a working fluid and an expansion machine should therefore be performed in the same process. This method aims at providing a preselection tool for selecting the most suitable combinations of working fluid / expansion machine for a wide range of working conditions typical of ORC systems. This is achieved by building an operating map of each combination in terms of condensing and evaporating temperatures, taking into account the practical limitations of each expansion machine. The power ranges suitable to each combination are then evaluated. 4.1 Limitations of volumetric expanders As detailed in chapter 2.4, volumetric expanders are characterized by a built- in volume ratio, which corresponds to the volumetric increase of the pocket in which the fluid is trapped after the suction process. As shown in 4.2.1, over and under-expansion losses can easily be computed by summing an isentropic expansion and a constant-volume expansion: Isentropic expansion: w1=hsu – hin (60) The internal expansion isentropic efficiency is therefore given by: εin=w1+w2 (62) The maximum internal built-in volume ratio of positive-displacement expander is usually not higher than 5. It is limited by the length of the rotor (bending stresses) in the case of a screw expander and by the number of spiral revolutions in the case of a scroll expander. This is an important limitation since most ORCs operate at much higher volume ratios. However, allowing a small under-expansion can substantially increase the volume ratio over the expander with a limited penalty on the efficiency. It is hin being the isentropic enthalpy at pressure Constant volume expansion: pin . w2 is positive in case of under-expansion, and negative in case of over- w2=vin⋅(pin –pex) expansion. The total expansion work is then obtained by summing w1 and w2. (61) Δhs 11PDF Image | Organic Rankine Cycles for Waste Heat Recovery and Solar Uses
PDF Search Title:
Organic Rankine Cycles for Waste Heat Recovery and Solar UsesOriginal File Name Searched:
58881261.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)