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Chapter 5: Fluid selection and cycle optimization These influences are illustrated for HFC-245fa in Figure 71. For this particular steady-state working point, an optimum evaporation temperature of 113 °C is obtained. Figure 71: Influence of Tev on the performance indicators This analysis can be conducted for each candidate working fluid to define their respective optimum evaporation temperatures. The results of this optimization are presented in Table 20. n-butane is the fluid showing the highest overall efficiency, followed by HFC-245fa and HCFC-123. It should be noted that, in the case of HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf, the optimization lead to increase the evaporating temperature up to the critical point. It is therefore obvious that these two fluids are not suitable for the present heat source temperature. Fluid Tev [°C] ηoverall [%] ηORC [%] W ̇ net [W] HCFC-123 111.8 5.004 8.412 4648 n-butane 114.4 5.222 7.977 4851 SES36 110.4 4.803 7.357 4462 HFE-7000 111.6 4.928 6.857 4577 HFC-245fa 113.5 5.128 7.779 4764 n-pentane 111.6 4.933 8.071 4583 HFC-134a 100.9 3.919 5.193 3640 HFO-1234yf 91.34 2.734 3.616 2540 Table 20: Performance of the different working fluids 5.5 Thermoeconomic optimization The goal of this section is to propose an alternative optimization for the ORC working conditions: instead of the system efficiency, the selected objective function for this optimization is the specific investment cost (SIC) expressed in €/KWe: 23PDF Image | Organic Rankine Cycles for Waste Heat Recovery and Solar Uses
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